A Study On Sexuality And Brotherly Love - 887 Words

More specifically, this passage followed First Thessalonians 4:1-12. This was the clear turning point in the letter where Paul went from being happy about the Thessalonians faith to instructing them on how to do better. In verse one, Paul wrote, â€Å"Finally,† which marked the transition, and went on to write, â€Å"we ask and urge you in the Lord Jesus, that as you received from us how you ought to walk and to please God, just as you are doing, that you do so more and more.† Paul then went on to clarify some teachings about sexuality and brotherly love (1 Thessalonians 4:2-12). Presumably, Paul instructed on these topics specifically because some of the Thessalonians had been struggling in these areas. This section immediately followed First Thessalonians 3:6-13 which detailed Timothy’s report to Paul on his visit to Thessalonica. Since Timothy would have told Paul the problems the Thessalonians had been dealing with, it would make sense that Paul would have a ddressed them after discussing Timothy’s report. Since First Thessalonians 4:13-18 followed this section of the letter, Paul would have continued to discuss problems the Thessalonians were facing at the time. First Thessalonians 4:13 would confirm this thought because Paul stated in it, â€Å"we do not want you to be uninformed.† Clearly, this section was about correcting misinformation that was a problem in the Thessalonian church at the time. Immediately following this passage was First Thessalonians 5:1-11. First ThessaloniansShow MoreRelated Incest in Greek Mythology Essay1765 Words   |  8 Pagesgods who inspired the love and hate relationships among families include Hermes, who used his magical use of language to lure the feelings of his brother Apollo away from jealousy to love. Hermes reward was divination, and he became the god who protected travelers, symbolized by the crossroads-or the choices made. Sarah Harrell states that Hermes crossroads includes the crossroads to sexuality, typified by the love the brothers developed for one another. Although this love is most often viewed asRead More Custom Essays: Ophelia as a Sexual Being2180 Words   |  9 PagesOphelia as a Sexual Being in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Elaine Showalters essay, feminist criticism allows Ophelia to upstage Hamlet [and] . . . brings to the foreground . . . the cultural links between femininity, [and] female sexuality (221). In most of his plays, William Shakespeare has many women in secondary roles, only filling dead space or causing strife between men. During Shakespeares time, thoughts of women bordered on weak and deceitful images, leading to the idea of frail, yet connivingRead MoreWhitman and Homosexuality Essay3150 Words   |  13 Pagesa marginalized truth; and contemporary critics have exploded in response to these years of oppression, outing Whitman in loud declarations of his intense feelings for men. In 1914, Basil de Selincourt in his work, Walt Whitman: A Critical Study, fights desperately against the homosexual innuendos and imagery in the Calamus poems, failing to name directly, in the process, that of which he is trying to prove Whitman guiltless. In his discussion of the Calamus poems, Selincourt says thatRead MoreHomosexuality in Victorian and Elizabethan Literature.6608 Words   |  27 PagesAnother argument against homosexuality is that it is impossible for a man to love another man. While in Castle Dracula, Johnathan Harker hears the three female vampires shout to Dracula, You yourself never loved; you never love!(Stoker 41). The Count is the homosexual figure in Bram Stokers novel and the women are making the argument that because of the Counts promiscuity and homosexuality, he is not able to love like they, as heterosexual women, can. Christopher McGunnigle, author of â€Å"MyRead MoreA View from the Bridge Essay10643 Words   |  43 PagesBridge in View Fr om The Bridge symbolize? A View From The Bridge is a play written by the American playwright Arthur Miller, a prominent figure in American Theatre, this Greek tragedy adapted drama was written to emphasize on the themes of incestuous love, jealousy and betrayal. In simple geographical terms, the ‘bridge’ in the title of the play is the Brooklyn Bridge, the one that spans the East River, between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan, New York. The title drew attention to both the subject

The Declaration Of The International Women s Year Essay

In the current world, one of the familiar category of discrimination is based on gender. It is known fact from 1965 that, in any field or place women never get appreciated for their work in equality with men. Badawi and Sumaia Mohamed El Zein, authors of the Ahfad journal women and change, has claimed that from many decades the people around the world has spent their effort in inspecting women’s status and their rights to develop their skills and levels to decision making few among there were â€Å" the declaration of the International Women’s Year (1975) by the United Nations, the decades (1967-1985) announced for the advancement of women, the Forward-Looking Strategies for Women of Nairobi Conference (1985) and later the Beijing Platform of Action (1995)† (18). It has been followed as a tradition that women are inferior by manual work, ethical or social, and psychological strength than men. Women have never shared equal rights or wage as men without having to exert extra or twice as the effort put by men. However, in the current environment this is a disputation from the 1966, still there exist the destructive imbalance between men and women. In contrast with the progress of science and technology in recent years, gender imbalance continues to exist. The gender variation may start at early school days and it continue to develop the gap even more wide. Women are differentiated more in technology related jobs, the factors which are effecting are security for their position,Show MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1728 Words   |  7 Page sdon’t fit the traditional mold of a people. Culture can impede progress and leave women, minorities and other sub-sects of a society without the basic human rights that they deserve. Clinging too close to culture can be dangerous. The Foundations of a Universal Declaration The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted shortly after the United Nations was established in 1945. The aim of the Declaration was to ensure that an atrocity such as the mass killings of Jews and other minoritiesRead MoreHuman Rights Are Rights Innate To Every Single Individual,1268 Words   |  6 Pagesstandard global law, general standards and different wellsprings of international. International human rights law sets down commitments of Governments to act in certain routes or to cease from specific acts, keeping in mind the end goal to advance and secure human rights and central flexibilities of people or gatherings. The International Human Rights came about when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948. Drafted so all accomplishmentRead MoreCult of True Womanhood: Womens Suffrage1299 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1840’s, most of American women were beginning to become agitated by the morals and values that were expected of womanhood. â€Å"Historians have named this the ’Cult of True Womanhood’: that is, the idea that the only ‘true’ woman was a pious, submissive wife and mother concerned exclusively with home and family† (History.com). Voting was only the right of men, but women were on the brink to let their voices be heard. Women pioneers such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott wrote elevenRead MoreAmeric Essential American Document1356 Words   |  6 PagesDocument American independence has advanced from the time this country began to now. Many men and women of significance to the country, have passed between then and now. All have left their mark in history whether it be physical and verbal. Three stand out to me: Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D Roosevelt, and Susan B Anthony. Franklin D Roosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech and â€Å"Request for Declaration of War on Japan†, Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address† and â€Å"Second Inaugural Address†, and Susan BRead MoreAmerican History : Essential American Documents1353 Words   |  6 PagesDocuments American independence has advanced from the time this country began to now. Many men and women of significance in the country, have passed between then and now. All have left their mark in history, whether it be physical and verbal. Three stand out to me: Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D Roosevelt, and Susan B Anthony. Franklin D Roosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech and â€Å"Request for Declaration of War on Japan†, Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address† and â€Å"Second Inaugural Address†, and SusanRead MoreAmeric Essential American Document1356 Words   |  6 PagesDocument American independence has advanced from the time this country began to now. Many men and women of significance to the country, have passed between then and now. All have left their mark in history whether it be physical and verbal. Three stand out to me: Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D Roosevelt, and Susan B Anthony. Franklin D Roosevelt s â€Å"Four Freedoms† speech and â€Å"Request for Declaration of War on Japan†, Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address† and â€Å"Second Inaugural Address†, and Susan BRead MoreThe United Nations Conference On Sustainable Development Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe principles contained in the Convention were updated in 2007 with the conclusion of the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance. Other efforts of the UN: Protecting the rights of women ïÆ'Ëœ United Nations Conference On Sustainable Development 2012 The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (â€Å"Rio+20†) brought Heads of State and Government to Brazil in 2012, to appraise progress in the implementation of agreements struckRead MoreThe Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is a comprehensive international treaty, created to advocate for the rights of women s. It is a highly ratified treaty since one hundred and eighty-six of the UN’s 193 members have agreed to apply its principles to their nation states and to protect and fulfil its terms and conditions (Wakefield 2010, p.22). The aim of the essay is to demonstrate the strengths of CEDAW in promoting gender equality, whilst simultaneouslyRead MoreWomen Empowerment As A Notion Of Social Justice And Economic Development : Bangladesh Perspective1618 Words   |  7 PagesWomen Empowerment as a Notion of S ocial Justice and Economic Development: Bangladesh Perspective Abdul Alim and Mahmudul Hasanï‚ § ABSTRACT The issue of women’s empowerment has been growing for decades as a burning issue in South Asian countries, and this paper focuses especially on Bangladesh. Many laws and regulations have been made to combat the ideas and practices of depriving women of their rights. As a signatory of different international instruments approbating women’s empowerment Bangladesh

Essay Athletes And Drug Use - 1690 Words

Athletes And Drug Use Many people believe that drug use in professional athletics is not a serious problem, however it is more widespread and serious than people think. In professional athletics the use of drugs is looked upon as somewhat of a serious problem, but is also very discrete and low key. Every once in a while one might see a prominent figure in a certain sport being reprimanded for the use of some outlawed drug, however this is just one of the many who happened to get caught. Athletes today seem to find no moral problem with using performance-enhancing drugs, or in other words cheating. Also many of them feel that because they are stars there should be no repercussions for their illegal activity. Today, drug use†¦show more content†¦(Drugs in Sport) According to Dr. Charles E. Yesalis, a professor health and human development at Penn St. University, drug use among athletes has gone dramatically up in recent years. Athletes also are becoming more venturesome about mixing different types of drugs. One reason is that new drugs keep coming on the market, and some turn out to be of help in giving athletes a competitive edge. Sports officials feel they have no choice but to try to combat drug use in sports with every legitimate weapon at their command. They are motivated in part by concern for athletes well being. Most performance-enhancing agents have side effects that can pose an immediate or long-range threat to health. But the officials are driven by self-interest too. If the public perceive major sports to be hopelessly drug-ridden, attendance and television viewership is likely to plummet. And thatcould lead to financial ruin for athletes and promoters alike. The monetary stakes are higher today than ever before. Many of the top athletes damned very high salaries, and a select few demand huge additional sums for product endorsement. Pro team owners, meanwhile, are constantly scrambling for more income from broadcasting and other sources to meet the ir massive payrolls and still turn a profit. A series of drug scandals might well cause media outlets and corporate sponsorsShow MoreRelatedAthletes Use Drugs For A Variety Of Reasons1194 Words   |  5 PagesAthletes use drugs for a variety of reasons, such as coping with stress or to enhance their quality of performance, and the effects of using performance enhancing drugs can have long term effects on an individual’s life. A commonly used drug in athletes goes by the name of anabolic steroids. The best way to help clarify your understanding of the importance of anabolic steroids is to define these steroids as a synthetic way to acquire the male sex hormone testosterone. The proper name for these steroidsRead MoreAnabolic Drug Use Among Athletes1668 Words   |  7 PagesAthletes that use this drug typically take it with testosterone to help side effects such as a loss of sex drive, depression, and moodiness. The Sixth steroid is called Oxymetholone, also known as Anadrol. This drug comes in a tablet form. Anadrol improves red blood cell production and increases the amount of hemoglobin that helps to treat anemia. Although the FDA approves Anadrol, this drug still has serious side effects. These include breast cancer in males and females and reabsorption of the boneRead MoreDrug Use Body Image And Athletes1535 Words   |  7 PagesNicholas Navarre Dr. Cheryl R. Hopson ENGL 1113 1 September 2015 Drug Use Body Image and Athletes No matter the sport, most athletes seek every competitive advantage to make it to the top. One of the main advantages is the performance athletes gain through drug use, and a big question today is the real purpose behind the drugs. Is an athlete truly just trying to enhance his or her performance to make it to the next level, or is there a deeper meaningRead MoreProfessional Athletes and Drug Use Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Athletes and Drug Use This research paper is about athletes and their use of drugs. The drug that is most frequently used by athletes is alcohol. Most athletes who use drugs do not get the punishment that they deserve instead they receive punishment that is too lenient. The penalties for professional athletes who use drugs are too lenient, they should be more severe. Examples of drugs that are used by most athletes are the following: Anabolic Steroids, DietaryRead MoreShould Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs?935 Words   |  4 Pages PED users in sports Everyone wants to win and everyone loves a winner. Athletes are a competitive group and if you are good enough to get into professional sports, you can achieve fame and fortune would you cheat to accomplish? This is the question that many athletes have to answer? What do I mean by cheating? I mean the use of performance enhancing drugs. How many records were made and broken by athletes that used these enhancements. â€Å"According to Marvin Olasky â€Å"Baseball needs to putRead MoreAthletes Should Use Performance Enhancing Drugs941 Words   |  4 Pagesbe a star athlete on any team of your choosing? Therefore, this is one of the reasons why I think steroids should be able to be used for anything of the professional athletes choosing.. Due to the amount of people using performance enhancing drugs in pro sports today, most people when they hear â€Å"Steroids† they think of huge men or women with big bulging muscles. Steroids have been used throughout sports in every way in almost every sport. I think that the professional athletes that use performanceRead MoreDrug and Alcohol Use by Student Athletes Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesDrug and Alcohol Use by Student Athletes The topic that I have chosen is student athletes use of drugs and alcohol. Im interested to see if the old theory that student athletes tend to stay away from these things still holds true today. From my own personal experience as a former high school and college football player, I doubt that this is true. Id also like to find some studies that may compare student athletes to the general student body to see if there is a correlation of usage betweenRead MoreShould Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs Help Push Themselves Farther Than Their Natural Limits?1047 Words   |  5 PagesHuh...What makes steroids more controversial than Vitamin C? After all, it’s common knowledge that the abuse of pretty much anything can come with some pretty severe adverse effects. Thesis: Today I am going to tell you why athletes should be able to use performance-enhancing drugs to push themselves farther than their natural limits. Credibility: I feel as if I’m credible to speak on the topic because a good friend of mine provided a very fact driven argument on the topic when I ragged on him forRead MoreUse Of Performance Enhancing Drugs1338 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper Final Draft The Use of Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports According to NPR.com, the argument over the use of performance-enhancing drugs by professional athletes has been at the center of an international ethical debate for many years (Katz). Many people argue that these drugs should be allowed, while others argue that these drugs should be banned from professional sports. Professional sports athletes should avoid the use of performance-enhancing drugs so that the integrity of sportsRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Among Athletes Essay944 Words   |  4 Pagesperformance enhancing drugs have become a religious practice in â€Å"the lives of some sport figures.† The use of these supplements have given the user an edge, an edge to perform at maximum capability. Most major athletes all agree on the fact that the competitive determination to win is intense. Despite all, most athletes have high hopes of either winning a medal, a full ride college scholarship or the once in a lifetime opportunity to play for a professional team. In such nature, the use of performance-enhancing

Slavery, a World History - 1095 Words

â€Å"Slavery,† an issue some would say is complicated. So what exactly is slavery? What does it mean? And how did it come to be? These are complex questions that are often asked and possibly, by understanding the forms it takes and the roles such slaves performed. What daily life is like for those enchained and what can be done to end this demeaning practice may help in answering those questions. It is known that slavery is a system under which people are treated as property to be bought, sold and are forced to work. It is also known that slavery was established in the history and economy of most countries. Even though it prospered during some periods and abstained in others, human bondage for profit has unfortunately, never been completely removed. Author Milton Meltzer, in his book â€Å"Slavery, A World History† follows this practice from prehistoric hunting societies; through the development of slave trading in the United States prior to the Civil War, it disturbin gly reached a total number of four million slaves. He continues through the forced labor applied under the Nazi establishment and in the Soviet prison camps. And he concludes with the broad practice of slavery in many of the countries today, examples to include, women sold into prostitution in Thailand and the debt bondage that minors endure in Brazil. Many are often shocked to learn that historians have considered slavery as a step forward in the development of civilization. From the earliest times, it was customaryShow MoreRelatedSlavery, A World History1107 Words   |  5 Pagespreviously existed throughout history, in many instances and most countries is known as slavery. So what exactly is it? How did slavery begin? And what does it mean in our world today? These are complex questions that are often asked and, possibly, by understanding the forms it takes and the roles such slaves perform. What daily life is like for those enchained and what can be done to end this demeaning practice may help in answering those questions. It is known that slavery is a system under which peopleRead MoreSlavery And Servitude World History2069 Words   |  9 PagesMarialaina Carter Dr. Sinegal-Decuir Slavery and Servitude World History March 15, 2015 The One In Front of the Gun According to the Webster dictionary, a warrior is â€Å"a person who fights in battles and is known for having courage and skills.† Skill is attained through the repetitious performance of a particular act that can be further developed by means of an apprenticeship or cognitive reading. When the word warrior is merged with child, many humanitarian and educational boundaries are crossedRead MoreSlavery Through The Ages Of Humans812 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery Through the Ages Human beings have been in bondage for thousands of years. Slavery originated in early civilizations. It has not only affected our modern world, it has affected the advancement of the human being itself. In most civilizations, humans establish class systems and look upon other humans as if they are â€Å"lesser than† or â€Å"subhuman†. The process of dehumanization is a key psychological factor in why slavery has existed since the formation of civilizations. Dehumanize: to treatRead MoreSlavery: A Necessary Evil1838 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery: A Necessary Evil â€Å"The fact is, that civilization requires slaves. The Greeks were quite right there. Unless there are slaves to do the ugly, horrible, uninteresting work, culture and contemplation become almost impossible.† - OSCAR WILDE, The Soul of Man Under Socialism ! The issue of slavery has been debated for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. It is of undisputed awareness that the act of enslaving another man or women is to strip them of their civil and natural liberties. It is alsoRead MoreComparative Article On Slavery During The Monument Of Commemorating Africa Slavery From A Politics Perspective938 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Article Paper Slavery is a contentious topic for scholars. Authors of both two articles discussed in this paper focus on different issues related to slavery, while they get access to issues on slavery from various perspectives. On the one hand, Alderman examines the inscription in the monument of commemorating Africa slavery from a politics perspective. On the other hand, Lambert discusses the development of Atlantic slavery in the historical geographic areas. In this paper, I aim toRead MoreSlave Narratives : A Darker Side Of American History900 Words   |  4 PagesSide of American History How would we be able to fully understand history only knowing one-side of the story? If this was the case, American History would be an amazing story of liberty, expansion, and the foundation of American democracy as the most fair and honest government created in the world today. However, this is not the case thankfully due to novels, interviews, and autobiographies written by Americans who’ve felt the painful sting of the other side of American History. For example, NativeRead MoreHistory Is The Study Of Fast Event931 Words   |  4 Pages History Final Assignment History is the study of fast event or information about fact what people did to make this world beautiful. From this class or especially from my professor Amy Bell I learn that what written in the books are not all fact. Before I used to hate history subject because of date, but after taking history two I started to love to study different history books to know the fact. Especially I read the united states history books because I live here andRead MoreThe Way We Lived: Essays and Documents in American Social History, by Frederick Binder and David Reimers779 Words   |  4 Pages I have chosen to write about chapter three due to my fascination about the slavery period in our country; the reasons it happened, why it happened, and some of the missing history behind the period. As for the missing history, I have always been captivated be the underlying history that made slavery possible in America. Chapter three delves into the subject that has intrigued me ever since high school, espec ially how the slave trade came to be, how it was started, and those who actually began andRead MoreThe End Of Chattel Slavery Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesLooking back in history, you will find that slavery was always present. There are accounts of slavery in Babylon, Greece, and Rome, all occurring before the Common Era; but there was a major change during the year 1619 in the way slavery was implemented. This form of slavery was known as chattel slavery. Defined as â€Å"A civil relationship in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another† (Legal-dictionary.com), chattel slavery targeted African slaves that were broughtRead MoreSlavery Was A Part Of Many Societies And Nations Around The World1401 Words   |  6 Pages Slavery was a part of many societies and nations around the world in times past. There was slavery in North America before the United States was established. However, the United States continued the practice until the Civil War in the mid-1800s. Before the Civil War, slavery and descendants of slaves were much of the backbone and strength of the society and economy of the United States. Slavery really fully developed during the colonial times; boomed in the South during the antebellum times; and

Education and Learners free essay sample

I as a teacher can encourage and motivate teachers and adults to accommodate learners who are experiencing barriers to learning by encouraging teachers to Promote Positive attitude of both teachers and learners towards one another supporting one another and stand as a united as a school and colleagues. As well as equal input in school activities all teachers should enjoy participating in school activities it would make learners feel more comfortable to join and also participate in school activites. Teachers should accept one another and their differences, respect one another In addition, avoid judgement and criticism towards each other. Inclusive education promotes Human rights as well as Good and sensible educational values. Social wisdom is also promoted and encouraged greatly . The equal right to learn and live together is highlighted and explained in inclusive education. Acceptance, diversity, and respect are a few of the main core values that inclusive education is built up on and were the concept came from. We will write a custom essay sample on Education and Learners or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A school that is equipped and supported to provide a broad range of learning needs. It May not necessarily have all forms of learner support in place, but it should have the Potential and capacity to develop and provide them. A school that understands that barriers to learning are not only essential to learners, however, can also be cultural and systemic. Barriers might also be linked to a learner’s environment. These could include negative attitudes to and stereotyping of learners, inflexible teaching methods, and practices. 3. A school that is prepared to explore and address the challenges of everyday school Life through capacity building among teachers and on-going institutional development aiming at empowering the whole school. A school that wards off practices which leave out learners so that learning and Development can happen and makes efforts to ensure that all children of school-going age in the Localities attend the school and achieve to their full potential.   A school with excellent leadership that serves as a symbol of hope of the transformation process in education by developing cultures, policies and practices that celebrate diversity, respect Difference and value innovation and problem solving. Educators do not know the overall concept of what inclusion means. They can formulate school policies, which are marginalizing and excluding. Educators also have a Downbeat approach towards learners with disabilities. Educators Categorize and are bias to learners with disabilities. The staff can be thoughtless to the special needs. They might be not capable to respond to a wide range of leaner needs. At the National level, a few factors cause barriers to learning such as, lack of advocacy and information programme in support of inclusion form and ignoring the rights of learners. If they do not join forces with other government department and if they do not give support and guidelines to the province. Bronfenbrenner has had significant influence on the determining and creating of our understanding of how diverse levels of systems, in the public perspective, interact in the process of child development. The first of these is what is referred to as the Microsystems – this system refers to a pattern of roles, activities and interpersonal relations experienced between individuals and the systems in which they are active participants (such as the family, school or peer group). This is the direct environment experienced by the child where proximal relations occur. This type of relations refers to face-to-face, usually continuous social interactions. A second level or system is what Bronfenbrenner refers to as the mesosystem. â€Å"The mesosystem is a set of Microsystems that continuously interact with one another. So, what happens in the family or peer group can influence how children respond at school and vice versa†. When looking at how this theory informs inclusion, it can be deduced that implementing inclusive education is not possible without paying attention to relationships developing between the different Microsystems. This needs to be done in order to give educators an idea of the effects of contextual factors on the child’s functioning and it is relevant to understand the potential for collaborative relationships. The exosystem is seen as including other systems in which a child is not directly involved, but which possibly influence the people he or she has proximal relationships with in the Microsystems (Donald et al. , 2006). Examples could include the education system (e. g. curriculum, inclusive policies), a parent’s place of work, the media, or a sibling’s peer group. A fourth system Bronfenbrenner notes is the macrosystem. It involves dominant social, cultural, and economic structures, as well as beliefs, values and practices that influence all systems. This system includes ideologies and discourses inherent in the systems of a specific society (Donald et al. , 2006). Encompassing these four systems is what Bronfenbrenner refers to as the chronosystem. Provincial level should provide experts to act as advisers and see that actual policy is implemented in the province. Also that all services in the provinces are properly coordinated. Make sure The Money received from central government for education is wisely spent. The District as a whole does not have proper training, monitoring, and support. Also, lack of resources and equipment e. g. devices that assist teachers, hardly any guidelines to support learners with learning barriers, no organization of learning support, lack of partnerships with other schools in the dame area. 2. 1. 6 Socio-Economic Barriers The relationship between education provision and the socio-economic conditions in any society must be recognised. Effective learning is fundamentally influenced by the availability of educational resources to meet the needs of any society. Lack of Access to Basic Services One of the most significant barriers to learning remains the inability of learners to access the educational provision that does exist and their inability to access other services, which contribute to the learning process. In most instances, the inability to access education provision results from inadequate or non-existent services and facilities, which are key to participation in the learning process. For example, in many poor communities, particularly in our own country in rural areas, learners are unable to reach centres of learning because there are no transport facilities available to learners or the roads are so poorly developed and maintained that centres cannot be reached. Poverty and Underdevelopment Closely linked to the lack of access to basic services is the effect which sustained poverty has on learners, the learning process, and the education system. For learners, the most obvious result of poverty, often caused by unemployment and other economic inequalities, is the inability of families to meet basic needs such as nutrition and shelter. Learners living under such conditions are subject to increased emotional stress, which adversely affects learning and development. Additionally, under-nourishment leads to a lack of concentration and a range of other symptoms, which affect the ability of the learner to engage effectively in the learning process. Attitudes Negative and harmful attitudes towards difference in our society remain a critical barrier to learning and development. Discriminatory attitudes resulting from prejudice against people on the basis of race, class, gender, culture, disability, religion, ability, sexual preference and other characteristics manifest themselves as barriers to learning when such attitudes are directed towards learners in the education system. For the most part, negative attitudes toward different learners manifest themselves in the labelling of learners. Sometimes these labels are just negative associations between the learner and the system such as ‘drop outs’, ‘repeaters’ or ‘slow learners’. While it is important to recognise the impact, which this kind of labelling has on the learner’s self-esteem the most serious consequence of such labelling results, when it is linked to placement or exclusion. Inflexible Curriculum One of the most serious barriers to learning and development can be found within the curriculum itself and relates primarily to the inflexible nature of the curriculum, which prevents it from meeting diverse needs among learners. When learners are unable to access the curriculum, learning breakdown occurs. The nature of the curriculum at all phases of education involves a number of components, which are all critical in facilitating or undermining effective learning. Lack of Human Resource Development Strategies The development of educators, service providers and other human resources is often fragmented and unsustainable. The absence of on-going in-service training of educators, in particular, often leads to insecurity, uncertainty, low self-esteem, and lack of innovative practices in the classroom. This may result in resistance and harmful attitudes towards those learners who experience learning breakdown or towards particular enabling mechanisms. If the education system is to promote effective learning and prevent learning breakdown, it is imperative that mechanisms are structured into the system to break down existing barriers.

The Virgin by Kerima Polotan-Tuvera free essay sample

The Virgin by Kerima Polotan-Tuvera Kerima Polotan-Tuveras The Virgin is a short story that is centered on two characters namely Miss MiJares and The Carpenter. The title The Virgin reflects the subject virginity which is an important and cherished value for Filipinos. A Filipina should be proud to have maintained her virginity but in the case of the thirty-four- year-old Miss MiJares,the main character named showcased were her stiff and aloof behavior wherein her superiority to herself makes her unfriendly and detached to other people. Also her attitude when it comes to dealing with people wherein she ften humiliates them by asking them questions with regards to their standing in the society. Moreover, her life was effusively based on caring for her ailing mother and putting to school her niece thus, her realization to herself when it comes to her own personal life such as love and marriage was eluded. We will write a custom essay sample on The Virgin by Kerima Polotan-Tuvera or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Miss MiJares is a thirty-four- year-old woman who works at a Job placement agency wherein her perspective in life has put her into a situation of helping first her family before herself. she is ashamed of it. In her thirty-four years of existence, she had never been committed in a elationship. When she was younger, there had been other things to do and she never put love on top of her priorities. She had college to finish, a niece to put through school, and a mother to take care. Her duties became hindrances for her to be in a relationship. Miss MiJares childhood experiences and duties affected her personality. She was slimy and almost bony. She also knows how to dress herself to hide the small chest she has by putting puff and ruffles on her chest part. She was not an ugly person but not also beautiful. She was a woman that has full of priorities hat she later realized that she was old enough to find a man that she can marry. Miss MiJares, a dictator woman also a choosy manager of the company that speaks English during the interviews of the construction workers that was not really appropriate to do. The major problems that Miss MiJares encountered in the story was the death of her mother wherein she mourned on that very day kneeding her mothers flesh and struggling to keep herself strong which also changed her ideals in life which made her superiority as a women more resilient. Another problem that she encountered as confronting her emotions especially with her feelings to the new man at the carpentry shop wherein during the interview and application for the Job. It was a rainy evening but the driver unloads his passengers. They protested but the driver has no choice. Miss MiJares and the man stepped down to the sidewalk and his touch had fallen on her flesh. The first encounter of the two characters is at the job interview. The way Miss MiJares treat him is as aloof and cold Just like the way she treated her other interviewees. She looks at herself as superior which explains he impolite language she uses to communicate with them. According to the text When she was younger, there had been other things to do-college to finish, a niece o put through school, a mother to care tor. Her childhood experiences attected way she is now, it greatly affected her personality. According to the theory of Sigmund Freud namely Psychoanalytic Theory of Freud, a persons childhood experience and unconscious mind contributes to his or her personality (Cherry). The way Miss MiJares keep her distance from other people and the way she talk to them serve as a defense mechanism. Her unsociable manners coupled with frank and abrupt way of speech is a disguise for her loneliness. Miss MiJares shows a bossy or arrogant kind of personality towards the guy, furthermore she was unwittingly drawn to the man especially during the time that both of them were stranded on an unknown street because of heavy rain and Miss MiJares driven by her feeling and emotions to the guy allowed herself to the invitation of the man. One day, she met a man applying on the Job she was handing. Unlike the other applicants, she felt an unusual and strange feeling and she noticed hat hes teeth has a missing tooth. The man, unlike the other workers, has a big impact on Miss MiJares. She cared a lot on that man and even cared if hes around or not. Miss MiJares looked at the man sharply feeling the malice in his voice knowing that the man has no wife yet. She was ashamed knowing that as if that man knew the ruffles on her blouse was one of the ways to put impact and volume on her chests. one day, this man was absent and Miss MiJares lost her way home which was a question why since it is been ages that she sauntering in that place. She found the an on the street and asked the reason for being absent in a week. She discovered that this man lost his son but he was never been married to its mother. About the Author: Kerima Polotan-Tuvera (December 16, 1925 August 19, 2011) was a Filipino author. She was a renowned and highly respected fictionist, essayist, and Journalists, with her works having received among the highest literary distinctions of the Philippines. Some of her stories have been published under the pseudonym Patricia S. Torres. Between the years 1966 and 1986, her husband served as the executive assistant and peechwriter of then-president Ferdinand Marcos.

Space Exploration Canada

Introduction Since the International Space Station became suitable for human habitation, research has been initiated to establish the effects of space and microgravity on various phenomena of human life. Undoubtedly, space exploration breakthroughs have immensely contributed to the betterment of human life. Conspicuous evidence of the benefits of space tours to human life include: advances in human health, education, earth observation, telemedicine, and disaster management among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Space Exploration Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Role of Human Health The International Space Exploration has provided a unique platform for carrying out the impact on human health, earth, and beyond. Research has been conducted on the station to provide a better understanding of the phenomena of human health such as the environment, aging, disease, and trauma. Physiological and biologi cal tests have produced vital results and, therefore, improving our comprehension of the series of physiological events that are usually shielded by gravity and invention of new and advanced medical technology and procedures, including telemedicine, cell behaviour, disease models, and nutrition. The Canadian Space Agency (2012) gives an inspiring narration of how a robotic arm has successfully performed a brain surgery. In 2008, Paige Nickason became the first brain tumor patient to receive surgery from a robot. Since then, numerous patients have received surgeries from the neuroArm. The development of the neuroArm owes a lot of credit to space exploration. For a long time, robots have constituted a major component of space technologies and currently, the technology is being tailored to provide medical solutions as evidenced in the neuroArm. mcDolnard, Dettwiller and Associates Limited has made enormous advances in designing a two-armed neuroArm and developing a tele-operated surger y unit for children. Furthermore, the company is developing an image-guided independent robot system for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. One of the major health challenges associated with space exploration is kidney stones and bone loss for astronauts during long stays on space. Astronauts have had to participate in regular physical exercises to counter the problem. In a bid to provide more efficient solutions to bone loss and renal dysfunction, astronauts take biophosphonate, vitamin D, and Calcium respectively. The precautions for promoting astronauts health have provided insights for treating osteoporosis in Canada and other parts of the world (Canadian Space Agency, 2012). Space exploration and its associated technology have also improved the health of humanity through the invention of asthma management devices. The European Space Agency has developed a device for establishing the level of nitrogen monoxide, a major cause of lung inflammation, in exhaled air. The devise has been found to be beneficial to asthma patients since it assists in monitoring and managing the levels of asthma prevention and suitability of medication (Canadian Space Agency, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Safe drinking water is essential to human life. Regrettably, many people all over the globe fall short of access to clean and safe water. Space technology has led to the development of improved water filtration and cleaning systems. The advances in the water treatment and recovery process provide a lasting solution to people experiencing water shortages in Canadians and across the globe (Canadian Space Agency, 2012). These are among the many contributions of space technology to the improvement of human health. The Role of Space Technology in Earth Observation Advances in space exploration, particularly the creation of the International Space Station, has en hanced the observation of the globe to provide better comprehension and solutions to environmental matters on earth (Neil, 2011). The Space Station provides a suitable location for viewing the globe’s ecosystems. The observations provide vital insights on the earth’s climate, environmental changes, and natural disasters. According to the Canadian Space Agency (2012), space technology has been vital for advances in remote sensing. In particular, the inception of the International Space Station has provided thousands of images of the globe’s surface, oceans, atmosphere, and the moon. Space technology has also been vital in the provision of real time data. This has been instrumental particularly in providing information on natural disasters including tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. The Canadian Space Agency (2012) acknowledges that the observation of the globe from space complements human operated systems and provides insightful information on the gl obal environment. The Canadians and other space agencies in the globe use the International Space Station to back research aimed at providing understanding and insight into climate change. The Space Station has provided a suitable platform for viewing atmospheric changes and movements, the earth’s surface, and oceans. For the past one and a half century, human endeavors have caused substantial changes in the earth’s environment. These include the greenhouse effect, alteration of the nitrogen cycle, and destruction of land cover. Space exploration is instrumental in providing understanding of the relationship between human activities and changes in the globe’s climate. This information forms the bedrock for engineering sustainable developments for Canadians and the rest of humanity (Canadian Space Agency, 2012). Even with the enormous milestones made in space travel, it still possesses serious threats to the health of the astronauts. Cosmic and radiations from th e sun pose a serious health hazard to the astronauts. The radiations are ingredients for fatal cancer, the nervous system, and heart dysfunction. Other health problems associated with space travel include: bone loss, fainting spells on getting back to the earth’s gravity, cognitive problems, impaired cardiovascular functioning, muscle atrophy, and cabin fever (Canadian Space Agency, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Space Exploration Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Although space visits have been posing serious health hazard to the astronauts, space travel has continued to impact on human life since its inception. Humanity owes a lot to the International Space Station as regards to educational, scientific, and technological milestones that have been achieved. It has inspired the development of medical equipment and procedures to solve some of the disturbing health issues with more precision. A better understanding of our habitat and the earth could not be achieved without the aid of space travel. In addition, the study of sciences, mathematics, engineering, and technology could not be motivating and interesting in the absence of space travel. References Canadian Space Agency. (2012). International Space Station Benefits for Humanity. Web. Neil, M. (2011). What Does Space Exploration Do for Us? London: Capstone Global Library This essay on Space Exploration Canada was written and submitted by user Texas Twister to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Standards of Financial Accounting-Rule 141 Revised an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Standards of Financial Accounting-Rule 141 Revised Introduction New rules come because of the need for change to address the changing needs of business. This paper seeks expound on this idea by explaining the differences between the old accounting standard under rule 141 and the new rule 141 as revised on for mergers and consolidations. The first rule for the purpose of this paper is alternatively found as SFAS 141 while the new rule as SFAS 141R. Need essay sample on "Standards of Financial Accounting-Rule 141 Revised" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Analysis and Discussion The new rule no longer allows the recording of acquisition under the pooling of interest method in accounting for business combination. Under the pooling of interest method or uniting of interest, the stockholder of the combining enterprises combine into one entity of the whole of all the net assets and operations to achieve a continuing mutual sharing of the risks and benefits of the combined enterprise but neither party may be identified as the acquirer. The new rule, now under SFAS 141R, prescribes only accounting for all business combinations using a single method called acquisition, where one party called the acquirer is always identified as acquiring the other entity called the acquiree. Despite the seeming similarity of the use of acquisition method the revised standard includes procedures that could change immediate and future income statement and balance sheet in connection with business combinations. One significant change under the new rule is that the acquirer may not anymore designate and effective date of business combination to the beginning of the period thus it now impossible refrain from presenting preacquisition earnings of the acquiree. Another change under SFAS 141(R) is the requirement to use provisional amounts for the acquisition should there be incompleteness of accounting at the end of the reporting period. Still another change under SFAS 141(R) is the requirement that business combinations that were exempt from SFAS 141. The old rule 141 had also the purchase price to include direct acquisition transaction costs which may include payments made by the acquirer to third parties for legal and accounting fees, and other fees for valuation services. Under the new rule 141 said transaction costs must be accounted for separately from the business combination since they are considered as assets acquired and liabilities assumed, hence they would made as expense under the amendment. Another change under SFAS 141(R) is its treatment of contingent assets and liabilities which has generated controversies. Contingencies could be identifiable assets acquired or liabilities assumed by the acquirer but the ultimate benefit or settlement is dependent or contingent on the outcome of some future event. These are separate from goodwill and will be recorded at fair value. The acquirer is required to comply with more likely than not criterion under the Statement of Financial Concepts 6, Elements of Financial Statements, if it has to recognize these kind of contingencies as part of the acquisition. The controversy appear to come from the inherent difficulty in measuring the fair value of contingent assets and liabilities since the fair value of the said contingent assets and liabilities will have to depend on the quality and availability of information as of acquisition date. Since the estimate will be based on assumptions which will require inputs from third parties, it is possible that estimates could be overstated or abused unless there is criteria or mechanism that will check the same. Since the revised rule will have to use higher of the fair of the acquisition date or their amount, management of the acquirer might probably take advantage of this in overstating their assets and understating their contingent liabilities. The new rule however has provided that after the acquisition the earlier recorded higher fair market value could go down eventually because the contingent assets will be measured at the lower of their fair value at the acquisition date or their estimated re alizable value. The idea of contingent liabilities to former owners if future events occur or certain conditions are met appears to be very controversial indeed. It would be the interest of the acquirer to minimize this kind of liability. It is logical to argue that it would be on the burden of the former owners to assert that the transaction or event would more like than not to happen so that they would have to make a claim from the acquirer. But it could be argued that the recognition of contingent liabilities would be directly or closely related with the acquisition of contingent assets. Since recognition of contingent assets will be linked to contingent assets, it is highly probable that acquirers would most likely understate said contingent assets so that contingent liabilities would be minimized. But since former stockholders would hold on to their interests, the effect would seemed to restrain the capacity of the acquirer to maximize the return for the new company created as a result of combi nation or acquisition. In this sense, the company could not go against its true nature. Since there is no use to overstating contingent assets or understating contingent liabilities, it would be more consistent to reason to be just objective about it and be true to whatever may be validly recognized as contingent assets or liabilities. It may noted however that not all changes in the fair value of contingent considerations will be favourable to the former owners to which liability may have been promised to be made. The changes to qualify as such require the presence of additional information about facts and changes at the acquisition date compared with measurement period changes. If the changes in fair value of contingent considerations fail to qualify under the requirement, the new rule provides that benefit will accrue alone to the new owners of the corporation without fulfilling the promise to old owners. This will therefore strike a sense of balance of what could be fairly attributed to the effort and performance of the new owners Another difference of the two rules is in the accounting for research and development costs. Under the old rule 141, there is the recognition into the expense as to the fair value of acquired in-process and research and development but under the new rule acquired in-process and research and development although measured similarly using fair value, the same will capitalized instead with an indefinite life, which musts tested regularly for impairment but not amortized. But amortization is still possible when the life of the acquired intangible asset becomes determinable at project completion. Conclusion The paper found the several changes in new Rule 141 (R) as compared with the old Rule 141. Not all were changed since the fundamental way of accounting for acquisition under single method (acquisition) still subsists. Having an acquirer and an acquiree is a reality that must be known under the new rule where the acquirer may not anymore designate and effective date of business combination to the beginning of the period thus it is now not possible to not to present preacquisition earnings of the acquiree. Among the several changes, the most controversial comes as to rule on the use of contingent assets and liabilities where the fair value of the said contingent assets and liabilities depends on the quality and availability of information as of acquisition date that may entail assumption. As analysed earlier, it is possible that the estimate based on assumptions and that require inputs from third parties, the possibility if overstating or understating could be abused unless there is criteria or mechanism that will check the same. The use higher of the fair value at acquisition date may have companies management to take advantage of this in overstating their assets and understating their contingent liabilities based on the normal expectation that they will do according to personal interest. Incidentally, the new rule also provides that a way of correcting possible overstatement since the lower fair value at the acquisition date or their estimated realizable value will come after. Under the normal course of events there is reason to deduce that it would be the interest of the acquirer to minimize this kind of contingent liability. Since recognition of contingent liabilities will be linked to contingent assets, it is probable that acquirers would most likely understate said contingent assets so that contingent liabilities would be minimized. But the new company as acquirer could not go against itself by restraining itself to grow big and fast just because a contingent liability is in the offing to old owners should profits become big. The rule makes it fairer to acquirers who will have to exert more efforts to improve the new company as the rule provides that not all changes in the fair value of contingent considerations will be favourable to the former owners to which liability may have been promised to be made. The changes need to qualify as additional information about facts and changes at the acquisition date compared with measurement period changes or the same income will form part of income from continuing operation and the benefit will accrue alone to the new owners of the corporation without fulfilling the promise to old owners. The new rules which are made to change the old rules may justify themselves in addressing the need for changes in addressing the changing needs of business through the use of contingent assets and liabilities and other introduced changes because situations and conditions had changed when the old rules are made. Works Cited Dorata and Badawi, International Convergence: The Case of Accounting for Business Combinations. King and Cushman, Lessons from the Recession: A Management and Communication Perspective, State University of New York Press, 1997 Meigs and Meigs, Financial Accounting, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 1995

Earth is my mother Essay Essays

Earth is my mother Essay Essays Earth is my mother Essay Essay Earth is my mother Essay Essay Essay Topic: Equus The author’s intent in authorship was to understand for herself and to be able to show Navajo sandpaintings as â€Å"dynamically sacred life entities whose significances lie in the procedure of their creative activity and use† ( page nineteen ) . Sandpaintings. created from different colored littorals and sacred objects. are non art. They are representations of fabulous existences and fables created for the intent of restoring someone’s wellness and harmoniousness. The survey of sandpaintings and their assorted significances permits the reader considerable penetration into Navajo land-tied spiritual beliefs. universe position. creative activity myths. society. history. and even constructs of clip. The writer. Trudy Griffin-Pierce. provides small autobiographical information in the book. She mentions her vagabond Air Force upbringing and how her early readings were devoted to books about Native American civilization. particularly the Navajo. Although she is distantly related to the Catawba Indians of South Carolina. she ever felt a affinity with the Navajo and lived for a clip with a Navajo household. larning their traditions. history. and linguistic communication. This bond drew her to Arizona after she completed her undergraduate grade in art at Florida State University. N. Scott Momaday. in his â€Å"Forward† . adds that Ms. Griffin-Pierce is a really originative creative person. capable of understanding and discoursing the artistic dimension of the Navajo universe. She makes the imaginative and inventive Navajo system of belief without our apprehension. Ms. Griffin-Pierce received her doctors degree in anthropology from the University of Arizona in 1987. where she is presently Assistant Professor in the Anthropology Department and Teachs three classs. The information on her web site at the University of Arizona reveals that this was her first published book. She has written four newer books. The Encyclopedia of Native America ( 1995 ) . Native Americans: Enduring Cultures and Traditions ( 1996 ) . Native Peopless of the Southwest ( 2000 ) . and Paridigms of Power: The Chiricahua Apache Prisoners of War and Naiche’s Hide Paintings ( in imperativeness ) ; and two articles. â€Å"When I am Lonely the Mountains Call Me: The Impact of Sacred Geography on Navajo Psychological Well Being† . and â€Å"Navajo Religion† . All of her Hagiographas centre on the history of Indians in the United States’ Southwest. She is presently analyzing aging and dementedness among Arizona’s Native Americans. In Earth is my Mother ; Sky is my Father. Ms. Griffin-Pierce inside informations Navajo spiritual beliefs. universe positions. historical myths. social construction. and astronomical constructs before she discusses the usage and construction of Navajo sandpaintings. Basic Navajo spiritual beliefs are still followed by many Navajos who chose non to absorb the dogmas of Christianity presented to them in the 1800’s. There is no word for â€Å"religion† in the Navajo linguistic communication. Spirituality. wellness. harmoniousness. and beauty are inseparable. The existence is an across-the-board whole where everything has a alone topographic point and good relationship to all other living things. God is the â€Å"Unknown Power† worshipped through His Creation. The Navajo besides have a close relationship with the Holy People. with whom they interact daily. ( page 34 ) Navajo spiritual beliefs are closely tied to their intense yearning for and their love of their fatherland. which they consider the â€Å"point in infinite from which all constructs of the universe proceed† . ( page fifteen ) The land and the Earth is their foundation of all belief. admiration. and intending in human being. and the four sacred mountains are the centre. There are no lasting spiritual centres. The Native American Church is a local mescal airy faith. The Navajo have a round construct of clip that permits their mythic. religious universe to coexist with their physical universe. The writer suggests that the Navajo sacred sandpaintings can non be understood unless we accept the Navajo’s â€Å"mythopoetic context of superimposed clip. infinite. and meaning† . ( page 7 ) Navajo spiritualty affirms humanity’s topographic point in nature as a whole. Their ceremonials restore the interconnection of all life. They believe sickness consequences from failure to keep mutual duties with the environment. violation of ceremonial regulations. and evildoings against one’s ain head and organic structures. Her intent in composing this book is to portion a more humane. more affiliated position of the universe and its parts in restoring humanity’s alliance with the existence. ( page 9 ) Navajos still worship Gods and goddesses of specific intents. Their divinities include the Sun ; Changing Woman. who brings the earthly seasons ; and their kids. Hero Twins. Monster Slayer. Born-for Water. First Man and First Woman. First Boy and First Girl. the prankster Coyote. and the Speechless Ones. who can non express words. ( page 34 ) These are frequently depicted in the sandpaintings. Navajos have a construct of the â€Å"Holy Wind† . reminiscent of the Christian Holy Spirit. as a being that exists everyplace and is in all living existences. For them this means that all living existences are related and that humanity has a duty to care for other living existences. Curiously. in Navajo Creation narratives. the Holy People spoke. American ginseng. and prayed the universe into being with their sacred words. Since everyone has an interior signifier and is portion of the Holy Wind. each has a Holy Person located within. Oneness with the existence creates a duty to handle one’s chap animals with the same regard one has towards oneself. ( page 73 ) . The Navajos were among the last American Indians to migrate from Asia to North America and were tardily in geting in the Southwest. They settled in the geographical country bounded by the four Sacred Mountains in the Four Corners country of the Southwest. Their geographical isolation protected them from diseases brought by the Spaniards and provided them with entree to stealing their Equus caballuss. sheep. and caprine animals. They learned weaving from the Pueblos. The Navajo social construction was and is matriarchal. kin. and household based. and they dwell in stray household groups structured by the atomic household. the matrilocal extended household. close relations. and other relations. Many Navajo live in frame houses today. but some still choose well-constructed Hogans. ( page 21 ) Navajo ceremonial healings affecting sandpaintings are conducted by extremely trained practicians called â€Å"chanters† who have learned to sing the luxuriant Navajo rites. The Navajo melody pipe can bring around witchery. exorcise shades. and set up unsusceptibility to illness. A melody pipe is a priest. non a priest-doctor. and neer enters the shaman’s characteristic enchantment province. Most melody pipes are work forces. Women become pathologists. or priest-doctors who get cognition in a enchantment province. ( page 39 ) Navaho ceremonies are rites ( rattling is non used ) or chants ( rattle accompanies singing. The major rites ( Blessingway and Enemyway ) use drypaintings with pigments made from workss. including maize. pollens. Indian meal. flower petals. and wood coal. The writer explains that Enemyway is a signifier of dispossession against the shades of foreigners. force. and ugliness. The intonation ceremonials ( Holyway. Evilway. or Lifeway ) use sandpaintings of different colourss of sand. ocher and wood coal. Other sacred objects. flora. and bowls of H2O are incorporated into both types of ceremonials. ( pages 40-41 ) There are 100s. if non 1000s. of different sandpainting designs. A sandpainting is a topographic point of entry where occults enter and go forth. attracted by their similitudes in the picture. The constitution of this tract lets the immorality or unwellness in the patient be replaced by the good. or mending power of the supernatural being. ( page 43 ) The mending ceremonials last for several yearss. It takes four to six people three to five hours to finish a sandpainting six provender in diameter. The workers begin in the centre and work outwards. ( page 45. The Navajos’ basic construct is that the powers of the celestial spheres and Earth are drawn into the sandpainting for the intent of mending. Time is compressed so that powerful mythic events of the past coexist with the present and reconstruct harmoniousness and good being to the individual being healed. ( page 58 ) The sandpainted image is intended to allow the ill individual project his or her head through clip and infinite. lifting above present earthly restrictions. The Navajo layered worldview becomes meaningless during a ceremonial as all beds of celestial spheres and belowground become one. The Navajos study the configurations and star agreements chiefly for finding of seasons. and they are non portion of the ceremonial nucleus of sandpaintings. even though word pictures of fabulous Gods of creative activity in the signifier of configurations may be used. ( page 103 ) One of the more interesting myths is how Younger Brother went to the sky state and met an interior circle of hostile existences whom he left to remain with the friendly Star People in the outer homes. These friendly Star People. whom the Navajo name â€Å"The People† . and the hostile existences are still incorporated into sandpaintings. The writer concentrated on the â€Å"Mother Earth. Father Sky† sandpainting because it is the most familiar to foreigners and presents the most elaborate word picture of the Navajo celestial spheres of sandpaintings in usage today. ( page 175 ) She describes the intricate. careful. elaborate procedure involved in doing a sandpainting. Mother Earth and Father Sky must be indistinguishable in form and size. The act of making a sandpainting is mending because it focuses everyone’s ideas on the rules of balance and order. ( page 177 ) The picture becomes â€Å"alive† to function its transcendent intent when the melody pipe strews sacred pollen on it and blesses those go toing. ( page 183 ) . The sacred and blessed sandpainting forces the patient to reconnect in clip and infinite to past and show sacred forces and reminds the patient of her connection to worlds present physically or spiritually. ( page 194 ) This book accomplishes the author’s stated intents and does discourse the subjects in item. However. the information is disorganized and scattered. doing the book itself difficult to read. The author’s intent was to learn the reader how to understand and appreciate the devising. content. and intent of Navajo sandpainting. which she accomplishes. Some of the information presented about Navajo spiritual beliefs is oddly similar to Christianity. and the writer does non sufficiently discuss whether or non these were original to the Navajo who migrated to the Americas or picked up and changed a spot from what Christian missionaries tried to learn them. The Navajo ties to the spiritual symbolism of their land is unusually similar to early Hebrew idea. but no reference is made of that. The textual beginnings used by the writer are all documented research documents or books that are reasonably recent in day of the month. One would wish earlier beginnings had been consulted on some issues. but their handiness is non known. The writer combines rather deadening elaborate information with her myths and more lively text. doing the book itself a challenge to finish. BIBLIOGRAPHY Southwest Studies Program. Biography of Trudy Griffin-Pierce. University of Arizona. hypertext transfer protocol: //web. Arizona. edu/~swst/faculty/tgpierce. htm. Griffin-Pierce. Trudy. Earth is my Mother ; Sky is my Father. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 1992.

Definition and Examples of Codification in English

Definition and Examples of Codification in English The linguistic term codification refers to the methods by which a language is standardized. These methods include the creation and use of dictionaries, style and usage guides, traditional grammar textbooks, and the like. [S]tandardization aims to ensure fixed values for the counters in a system, wrote James and Lesley Milroy in Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English. In language, this means preventing variability in   spelling  and  pronunciation  by selecting fixed conventions uniquely regarded as correct, establishing correct meanings of words...uniquely acceptable word forms (he does  is acceptable, but  he  do  is not) and fixed conventions of  sentence structure. The term  codification  was popularized in the early 1970s by  linguist  Einar Haugen, who defined it as a process that leads to minimal variation in  form (Dialect, Language, Nation, 1972). The Evolution of English Codification is an ongoing process. The English language evolved over centuries from Old English to Middle English after the Norman Conquest in 1066 to Modern English in about the mid-15th century. For example, different word forms were dropped, such as having nouns with different genders or additional verb forms. The proper order for words in a sentence coalesced (subject-verb-object) and variations (such as verb-subject-object) pretty much disappeared. New words were added, such as 10,000 of them being incorporated from French after the conquest. Some of the duplicate words changed meanings, and some were lost altogether. These are all examples of how the language has codified. Spellings and meanings continue to change and be added to the dictionary today, of course, but the most important period of codification [in English] was probably the 18th century, which saw the publication of hundreds of dictionaries and grammars, including Samuel Johnsons monumental Dictionary of the English Language (1755) [in Great Britain] and Noah Websters The American Spelling Book (1783) in the United States (Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies, 2007). During the languages evolution, Dennis Ager wrote, in the   Language Policy in Britain and France: The Processes of Policy, three influences were...paramount: the kings English, in the form of the administrative and legal language; literary English, in the form of the language accepted as that used by great literature- and for printing and publishing; and Oxford English, or the English of education and the Church- its main provider. At no point in this process was the State openly involved.He continued, Codification also affected the spoken form of the standard language. Received pronunciation was codified through the influence of education, particularly that of the 19th-century public schools, followed from the early 20th century by cinema, radio  and  television (BBC English).  Nonetheless  it is estimated that only 3-5  per cent  of the population of Britain  speak  received pronunciation today...and hence this particular form of the language is accepted by society only in the sense that it is widely understood. Even though English is a flexible language, continually borrowing words from other languages (an estimated 350 different languages, in fact), adding words, definitions, and spellings to the dictionary, the basic grammar and pronunciation ​have remained relatively stable and codified.

Beans and More Beans

Beans and More Beans Beans and More Beans Beans and More Beans By Maeve Maddox Considering the flurry of comments triggered by my inclusion of a bean idiom in a recent post, I decided to give the humble bean a post of its own. The noun bean is Germanic in origin. August Fick (1833-1916) German comparative linguist, suggested that bean was cognate with faba, the Latin word for bean, but according to the OED, â€Å"phonetic considerations render this doubtful.† Originally, the word bean referred only to the broad bean (Faba vulgaris), but now it refers to any seed that resembles it. Human beings and beans have had a long relationship; Egyptians buried them with their dead, and Homer mentioned them in the Iliad. On the ancient Roman feast called the Lemuria (or Lumuralia), the pater familias (father of the family) got out of bed at midnight to walk around the house barefoot, throwing black beans over his shoulder. The rite was intended to exorcise any malevolent spirits that had accumulated in the household during the previous year. Pythagoras instructed his followers â€Å"not to love beans,† but he may have been warning them against meddling in politics, not forbidding them to eat beans; beans were used as markers in political elections. Artistotle equated the bean with venery (pursuit of sexual pleasure); to him, â€Å"abstaining from beans† meant â€Å"keeping the body chaste.† As common objects of daily life, beans found their way into literary and proverbial use. â€Å"Not worth a bean† came to mean worthless. Chaucer (1343-1400) uses the expression in â€Å"The Merchant’s Tale.† The hero of the tale is a knight who, after 60 years of bachelorhood, finally decides to marry: â€Å"For no other way of life,† he said, â€Å"is worth a bean.† A person who â€Å"does not have a bean† is poor indeed, although the bean in this expression may originate elsewhere than with the legume. A slang term for a sovereign or a guinea was bean. â€Å"Not to have a bean† meant â€Å"not to have a cent.† â€Å"Not to know beans about something† is to know nothing about it: Charles Faddis Does not Know Beans About Nuclear Energy â€Å"To spill the beans† is â€Å"to reveal a secret†: Drunk Whistleblower Spilled The Beans On Chemtrail Front Company For CIA The business world has a couple of bean expressions all its own. A â€Å"bean counter† is a contemptuous term applied to an accountant or other financial expert by people who feel that creativity is more valuable than mere record-keeping. A beanfeast or beanfest is an annual dinner given by an employer to his employees. The word bean is slang for head: â€Å"Im a bit short on brain myself; the old bean would appear to have been constructed more for ornament than for use, dont you know†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œP. G. Wodehouse, My Man Jeeves Wodehouse and other British writers used â€Å"Old Bean† as a friendly term of address: â€Å"You don’t mind my asking, do you old bean?† â€Å"Use your bean† means â€Å"think!† The little cap called a beanie gets its name from this meaning of bean, as does the baseball term bean ball, â€Å"a ball thrown at a batter’s head.† This application of bean has also given us a verb bean, â€Å"to hit someone on the head.† A beanery is a cheap restaurant, presumably because the meals are heavy on beans. The American city of Bostonfamous for its baked beansis often referred to as â€Å"Bean Town.† The expression that inspired this post is â€Å"full of beans,† meaning â€Å"full of energy and high spirits†: [In winter I try] to rise and shine, full of beans, every day.   [Reba] seems fresh, fit and full of beans, projecting herself the way I’m told she always does When I defined â€Å"full of beans† as â€Å"full of energy and high spirits,† several readers informed me of another meaning: â€Å"full of baloney† (or what bologna becomes once it is digested.) â€Å"Full of beans† in the sense of â€Å"energetic† probably originated as stable slang. Bean-fed horses were observed to be in good condition and lively, as in these examples from the OED: 1870  Ã‚   Daily News 27 July 5  Ã‚   The horses [] looked fresh and beany. 1843  R. S. Surtees Handley Cross II. vii. 199  Ã‚   [Hounds, horses], and men, are in a glorious state of excitement! Full o beans and benevolence! Another 19th century use of â€Å"full of beans† noted as stable slang was applied to a person â€Å"whom sudden prosperity had made offensive and conceited.† I suppose that such a stuck-up person could be seen as â€Å"full of beans† in the sense of being â€Å"full of it.† Apparently both meanings are current, so don’t be surprised if you get a puzzled look if your meaning doesn’t match that of your listener. I’ll end with what is probably the best-known bean quotation in popular culture, Rick’s farewell to Ilsa in the movie Casablanca: Ilsa, I’m no good at being noble, but it doesn’t take much to see that the problems of three little people don’t amount to a hill of beans in this crazy world. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 1017 Patterns of Sentence StructureHyphenation in Compound Nouns

How To Do Facebook Video Marketing The Right Way - CoSchedule Blog

How To Do Facebook Video Marketing The Right Way Blog Facebook is doubling down on video. In fact, 32 billion  views  per day on Facebook.   That’s a mind-blowing statistic, right? The implications for content marketers and social media managers is clear. We need to be investing in video content. But, if youre not a professional videographer, then how do you get started? That’s what we’ll cover in this post. Why Should You Care About Facebook Video? The amount of video watched on Facebook is hard to ignore. That isn’t the only reason why video is important on Facebook, though. There’s also the issue of declining organic reach on the platform. The newsfeed algorithm now makes it harder to earn high organic reach. If video content is particularly popular, however, then there may be an opportunity for content creators to capitalize. If you weren’t feeling the urgency to get started before, you should be now.How To Do Facebook Video Marketing The Right WayStill not convinced? Here are some more fast facts about Facebook video: Get More Mileage Out Of Your Videos With Features From Video content takes effort to create. So, why not make the most of your hard work? With 's robust social sharing features, getting maximum mileage from your video posts is easy. Social Video allows you to upload your videos straight to your calendar and publish them all in one spot: After you've created your post, schedule it to send at the best time automatically with  Best Time Scheduling: Finally, stop manually re-scheduling your videos and let ReQueue take care of it for you: Best of all, you can try all this stuff out free for 14 days! Start your trial below (and put the advice in this post into practice). Facebook Video Marketing Mechanics And Best Practices Before we run full steam ahead, let’s get our footing first. Which Video File Types Are Supported? Facebook recommends .MP4 and .MOV files. However, those aren’t your only options. Find every supported format here or use this cheat sheet: Is Native Facebook Video Better Than Posting YouTube Links? Facebook prefers video directly uploaded onto its platform. This may be because it sees itself in competition with YouTube. Directly uploading your video makes it easier for its algorithm to put your video in front of an interested audience. This means your video uploaded directly might get more views, shares, and comments. In fact, a study done  by quintly  found that native Facebook videos received 186% higher interaction rates than YouTube videos as of December 2016. On #Facebook, native video appears to outperform YouTube links.However, native Facebook video tends to have a shorter shelf life. According to Videomaker, However, by the same token, Facebook posts have a shorter lifespan. In the stream-like flow of the news feed, once a video stops getting likes and shares it quickly sinks to the bottom, rarely to be heard from again. It’s hard to search for old Facebook videos and linking to them directly is problematic. These are huge hurdles. There may be times where either Facebook or YouTube may be best for your video. Figure out which one is best in your case by asking a few questions: Will people care about this video a month from now? If not, the advantage goes to Facebook. Is this video evergreen (meaning it has long-term appeal)? If so, the advantage goes to YouTube. Is this video more than a couple minutes long? This could go either way, but you many want to default to YouTube in this case, for reasons we’ll touch on next. TIP: Remember, you can always upload videos to both Facebook and YouTube, too. What Are Facebook's Video Length Requirements? The maximum length for video on Facebook is 45 minutes. However,  according to Tubular Insights, the best length for engagement is around 1:30. Facebook recommends focusing on storytelling, rather than video length. According to Facebook Business, Video length is less important than telling a cohesive and concise story. Your video ad shouldn’t be longer or shorter than it takes to tell your story well, so create a storytelling arc from the first frame to the last that keeps your audience interested along the way. So, how long should your video be? The answer varies, but here are some general suggestions: In general, keep your videos short and to the point. If you have a longer video, consider breaking it up into short, easily digestible episodes. Pay attention to your Facebook video analytics (more on this later on). See what works best. Then, repeat. Facebook videos under two minutes perform best.What Kinds Of Videos Should I Shoot? There are all kinds of different video categories you could create. How do you know which types of videos your audience will like best? The answer will depend on your audience. Here are some ideas to get you thinking: How-to videos. Consider creating quick videos demonstrating how to perform a task. Entertaining videos. These could include videos based on memes, animals doing something goofy, or whatever your imagination can dream up. Behind-the-scenes videos. What’s it like to work at your company? Could you offer a behind-the-scenes look at how you created something (like a cool piece of content or an event)? Product demonstrations. Show off how your product or service works. Customer testimonials.  Anyone can talk themselves up. Someone else singing your praises is better. Live video. Live video is Facebook's latest video content type that allows users to broadcast video updates straight to your profile page. Your only limit is your creativity. When it comes to Facebook video, you're limited only by your creativity.What Equipment Do I Need? This depends on your budget. Facebook recommends investing in quality production. If you can afford it, it’s best not to go cheap. A great video idea, combined with polish and effort, can generate incredible results. What if you don’t have access to a production team, though? You’re not out of luck. Select Your Camera Type If you’re shooting video on your own, your first step is gathering equipment. Smartphone. Most smartphones can shoot hi-res video. They may not produce professional-quality results. However, this option can work well enough in a pinch. This guide from MakeUseOf has tons of information on shooting quality smartphone video. Digital SLR. Many professional-quality still cameras can shoot awesome video too. Expect to spend at least $500 for a decent entry-level digital SLR. Handicam. If you’re able to spend a few hundred dollars, an amateur digital camcorder may be enough to get started with. Professional video camera. If you have an in-house videographer, they will probably ask (nay, demand) you invest in professional equipment. Don’t argue with them. Just give them what they need. Getting gear to do #Facebook #video #marketing doesn't have to be expensive.Select Your Mic Audio quality shouldn’t be overlooked here. Smartphone microphone. Smartphone condenser mics can improve your audio quality for not too much money. There appear to be more options available for iOS, which may be something to keep in mind if you’re an Android user. Camera microphone. Like most things, you get what you pay for here. Start at $50 and go up from there. Select Your Tripod A tripod can make a major difference in keeping video stable. Smartphone tripod. A small smartphone tripod can go a long way toward shooting better video. Alternately, consider using a smartphone adapter for a full-size tripod. Monopod. These one-legged tripod alternatives are affordable and lightweight. Actual tripod. The most expensive option. Not coincidentally, this is also the best option. TIP: Don't underestimate the value of a quality tripod. It can make an enormous difference between having a stable shot, or a rocky video.] How Should I Shoot My Video? Never shot video before? No problem! You don’t need to be the next Spielberg to shoot decent videos (although it does help to have experience). Shoot Mobile Video Vertically This goes against old-school best practice of shooting in landscape view. However, vertical videos look better on mobile devices. When shooting video on your phone, go vertical. This will produce the best results for people on their phones. Shoot mobile video vertically, rather than horizontally, for easier mobile viewing.Remember The Rule Of Thirds The idea behind the Rule Of Thirds  is to split your frame into thirds along a 9x9 grid. This helps produce balanced shots that look visually appealing. Fit Your Subject In The Frame This is pretty basic. Show people above the waist. Don’t cut off heads or arms in the frame. Make sure people can see what’s happening clearly. Here's a quick example I just shot on my phone: The subject is positioned off-center (following the Rule of Thirds), with everything in the frame, and nothing cut out of the shot. Make The First Few Seconds Attention-Grabbing People scrolling through their news feed have short attention spans. Make your first few seconds count. According to Facebook, you've got about three seconds to hook your viewer into your video. Even then, only 65% will continue into the next ten seconds.   In other words, leave out dramatic build-ups or introductions, and get right to the point. Creating #Facebook video? Skip dramatic build-ups and get right to the point.How Should I Promote My Facebook Videos? You’ve shot your video. Now, how do you get people to watch it? Start with these tips. Write Strong Post Copy Include videos in your posts, and write copy that entices views. Here are a few ways to do this: Write a post that asks a question, while implying the video has the answer. This can get people interested in watching the video. Hype up your video. Get people excited to watch. Write in a way that inspires curiosity. If you want to make sure that you're nailing your messages and encouraging fans to watch your video, try our Social Message Optimizer. To start, type in a draft of your post, hit the video button, and select  Score My Message: Select Facebook and scroll down for an overview of what your message does well, and what could use some improvement: As you continue down the page, you'll see suggestions on how you can improve your message and boost your score: Scroll back up to the top of your page to edit and re-score your message: Recommended Reading: How to Write For Social Media to Create the Best Posts Embed Video From Facebook Elsewhere Did you know you can embed Facebook videos on web pages? It works similar to embedding video from YouTube. That means you can easily embed your Facebook videos in blog posts or static web pages. Simply click the arrow in the upper right corner of any video. Then, click Embed: Next, you’ll see an embed code: If you’d like to include the entire post (and not just the video), click the box. It's worth noting this method will embed your video in an iframe. These can potentially break RSS feeds. If you'd like to avoid this potential issue, click Embed Video. Then, click Advanced Settings to bring up the Embed Video Player Configurator. Next, click Get Code: Finally, follow the on-screen directions to copy and paste the Javascript code into the right places. If you're using WordPress, switch to  Text view and paste the top code at the top of your page: The end result looks like this: Sound FX: Packers vs. ChiefsThe #Packers look pretty amped up for the preseason finale! #GBvsKC Posted by Green Bay Packers on Thursday, September 1, 2016 Done! TIP: Know someone who might be interested in your video? Send them the embed code too. They just might put it somewhere on their own site. Add A Featured Video To Your Facebook Page Have a video you really want people to see? Feature it on your page. Visit your Facebook page. Then, click Videos: Next, click Add Featured Video: You’ll then be able to choose from any of your uploaded videos: Your video will then display under the About section on your profile’s main page. Here’s an example of what this looks like: Use Facebook Featured Videos to enhance your brand page.Upload A Video As Your Cover Photo To Make Your Profile Pack A Punch Did you know you can make your cover image a video? Social Fire Media  found that cover videos should include: A video that is 820x462 pixels wide. Video should be between 20 to 90 seconds in length. To upload a video as your cover photo go to your Facebook business page: Select  Change Cover  and Choose From Videos  or  Upload Video: Select the video you want to use as your cover photo: Click confirm, and your video should replace your cover photo. Consider Video Advertising Or Paying For Promotion Paying to promote your video, or turning your video into an ad, can help drive more reach and views. Just be sure to follow Facebook’s design guidelines for video ads. We also recommended reading Wordstream’s guide on using Facebook ads  too. Recommended Reading: Facebook Marketing Strategy: Why You Need One ( How to Build It) How Can I Drive More Traffic From Facebook Video? Facebook recently removed call-to-action links from native videos. However, there are still ways to drive traffic back to your site with your video content. Let’s walk through a couple simple tips. Include Links In Your Post Copy You can still include a link in your post copy accompanying your video. This simple detail is easy to overlook. Tag Other Accounts Mentioned In Your Video If your video references other companies, personalities, or anyone with a Facebook page, consider tagging them. This will help your video get distribution in their fan’s news feeds too. How Can I Measure My Success? Facebook video marketing is a lot of work. It’s important to know if your efforts are paying off. Data and analytics can show if you’re meeting your goals. They can also inform your strategy, showing what’s working, and what needs improvement. Fortunately, Facebook offers robust analytics functionality with Facebook Insights. Visit your page, and click Insights: Then click Videos on the left: Here, you can see: Total minutes of video viewed. Number of video views. Change over time. You can also see detailed analytics for individual videos: Select the video that you want to see stats around, and you'll see a full breakdown of all of the analytics for your video: If you're looking for even more social media analysis check out 's Social Engagement Report: How Should I Set Facebook Video Marketing Goals? Follow the SMART goals framework: So, that’s how you set goals. Now, which metrics should you track? Here are some possible options: Engagement. Are people liking and sharing your videos? Are they leaving comments too? Views. How many people are watching your videos, and for how long? Traffic. Are your videos linking back to your blog or website? If so, how much traffic are they driving? Follower growth. If you’re paying for video ads, are those ads helping you reach a new audience and expanding your Facebook following? Revenue. If you’re running video ads that direct to an ecommerce page or signup form, how much money are you earning from those conversions? TIP: Don't skip measurement. If you want budget to shoot more video, you'll probably need to show your boss why it's worthwhile. Data can do that for you. How Can I Schedule And Publish My Facebook Videos? Great question. recently launched our new social video functionality. It’s now possible to schedule social media video posts for Facebook within our app. (You can also schedule videos on Twitter too, but that’s another topic for another time.)

Smart card Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smart card - Case Study Example This proved to be a hindrance to the growth of the car because of the high waiting time. 2. There were 4 models of the car: Smart fortwo pure model for $11,590; Smart fortwo Passion Coupà © for $13,590; Smart fortwo Passion Cabriolet for $16,590; and smart fortwo BRABUS for 17,990 (smart fortwo, 2009). The advantages of owning a Smart Car includes low price, and low expenditure on fuel. However, the disadvantage is that only 2 people can be seated in the basic versions. The target customers for Smart Car are the small sized-families with no or one child with low budget. Those who have high travelling requirements also may intend to buy this car. This is because of its high fuel efficiency and low price. Before purchasing the car, it should be made sure that the car follows the safety features of USA. 3. In order to market the product, the company conducted city-tours, introduced the concept of Smart Towers in order to build the brand image. The car is marketed as a fuel-efficient, affordable stylish smart vehicle. The strategies shall be very effective in countries such as China because of the price range, and the fuel-efficiency of the car. Road shows in the major cities will help it get focus. The company shall try to get more mileage in road shows, have celebrity endorsers and the focus shall be to highlight the high fuel-efficiency and low price range aspect of the car. 4. The Smart Car which witnessed high demands during the time of launch has taken a drop in demand owing to similar launches by other companies. Various reasons can be attributed to this drop: Economic slowdown; Availability of more such products; poor distribution network. In order to boost the sales, the company needs to improve its marketing and branding exercises. The company also needs to improve its distribution channels. The company shall try to include Mercedes-Benz and smart car centers in the overall distribution channels rather than just relying on the